Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Wheat Stubble Agro-Residues to Eliminate Non-Process Components Meant for Papermaking and its Impact on Mechanical Strength Properties of Paper Products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51983/ajsat-2022.11.1.3130Keywords:
Pretreatment, Chemical Constituents, Extractive, Metal Ions, Degree of PolymerizationAbstract
Wheat stubble agro-residues material contains lingo-cellulose with high level of extractives and metal ions, which may be able to instigate some harmful impacts on the papermaking process. Pretreatment of stubble on the removal of metal ions and extractive, its impact on the content of chemical constituents like holocelluose, lignin, silica, the pulping yield as well as the mechanical properties of paper were examined in the laboratory. Acid pretreatment significantly reduced the content of the metal ions with about more than 50%. The conditions for acid pretreatment of the material were optimized to pH-2 at 5% consistency for 1 hour retention time with more benefits in extractives and metal ions removal and less impact on cellulose degradation. The demand of active alkali charge during pulp making was observed to be about 3% lower for the pretreated material as compared to the untreated one. Despite of chemical conservation, a higher pulping yield of about 6-7% was also observed in case of acid pretreated materials. Improved thickness, more crystalline and a high degree of polymerization of cellulose fibre were noticed due to acid pretreatment and the pulp obtained from acid pretreated material showed improved mechanical strength properties (tensile, tear, burst strength etc.). The study revealed that pretreatment of agro-residue material with dilute acid (optimized conditions) could be used to remove the non-process component and make it suitable for utilization in papermaking process with improved mechanical properties in the paper products.
References
B. Gadde, S. Bonnet, C. Menke, and S. Garivait, "Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines," Environ. Pollut., vol. 157, no. 5, pp. 1554, 2009.
P. Börjesson and M. Berglund, "Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems - Part II: The environmental impact of replacing various reference systems," Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 326, 2007.
K. Jana and S. De, "Environmental impact of an agro-waste based polygeneration without and with CO2 storage: life cycle assessment approach," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 216, pp. 931, 2006.
P. Singh, H. Gundimeda, and M. Stucki, "Environmental footprint of cooking fuels: a life cycle assessment of ten fuel sources used in Indian households," Int. J. Life Cycle Assess, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1036, 2014.
S. Spatari, D. M. Bagley, and H. L. MacLean, "Life cycle evaluation of emerging lignocellulosic ethanol conversion technologies," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 101, no. 2, pp. 654, 2010.
A. Rodríguez, A. Moral, L. Serrano, J. Labidi, and L. Jiménez, "Rice straw pulp obtained by using various methods," Bioresource Technology, 2007. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.003.
G. Gellerstedt, K. Gustafsson, and E. L. Lindfors, "Structural changes in lignin during oxygen bleaching," Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 1986. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1986-01-03-p014-017.
L. Söderhjelm and S. Eskelinen, "Chemical Properties of Fibre-Based Food Packages," presented at the Eurofoodpack, Vienna, 1984.
M. Kujala, M. Sillanpa, and J. Ramo, "A method to leach manganese and some other metal cations from pulp matrix to aqueous phase for the subsequent ICP-AES analysis: A potential tool for controlling the metal profile in a pulp bleaching process," J. Cleaner Prod., 2004. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(03)00059-3.
J. L. Colodette and C. W. Dence, "Mecanismo de decomposição e de estabilização do peróxido de hidrogênio no branqueamento de polpas mecânicas," presented at the 21st Congresso Anual de Celulose e Papel da ABTCP, São Paulo, Brazil, 1988.
B. Lundholm, "Bleaching," in Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 5, G. Gullichsen and H. Paulapuro, Eds. Helsinki, Finland: Fapet, 2000, pp. 313-342.
J. L. Colodette, "A estabilidade do peróxido de hidrogênio durante o branqueamento de polpa. Part I: Na ausência de silicato de sódio," O Papel, São Paulo, vol. 11, pp. 80-112, 1990.
J. Gullichsen, "Fiber line operations," in Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 6, G. Gullichsen and H. Paulapuro, Eds. Helsinki, Finland: Fapet, 2000, pp. 196-218.
R. Alen, "Basic chemistry of wood delignification," in Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 3, G. Gullichsen and H. Paulapuro, Eds. Helsinki, Finland: Fapet, 2000, pp. 59-104.
T. McDonough, "Section IV: The Technology of Chemical Pulp Bleaching," Chapter 1: Oxygen Delignification, in Pulp Bleaching -Principles and Practice, C.W. Dence and D.W. Reeve, Eds. Atlanta, Georgia: TAPPI Press, 1996, pp. 215-237.
H. Lundqvist, A. Brelid, A. Saltberg, G. Gellerstedt, and P. Tomani, "Removal of non-process elements from hardwood chips prior to kraft cooking," Appita Journal, vol. 59, pp. 493-499, 2006.
P. Axegard, "Possibilities for Improving the Pulping Process," presented at the Internacional Colloquium on Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp, Vic¸osa, Brazil, 2003, pp. 4-5.
M. S. Tunc, J. Chedda, E. Van Der Heide, J. Morris, and A. Van Heiningen, "Pre-treatment of hardwood chips via auto-hydrolysis supported by acetic and formic acid," Holzforschung, 2014. [Online]. DOI: 10.1515/hf-2013-0102.
L. C. Carvalheiro, C. Duarte, and F. M. Girio, "Hemicellulose biorefineries: A review on biomass pretreatments," J. Sci. Ind. Res., vol. 67, pp. 849-864, 2008.
B. Yang and C. E. Wyman, "Effect of xylan and lignin removal by batch and flow through pretreatment on the enzymatic digestibility of corn stover cellulose," Biotechn. Bioen, 2004. [Online]. DOI: 10.1002/bit. 20043.
M. Borrega, K. Nieminen, and H. Sixta, "Degradation kinetics of the main carbohydrates in birchwood during hot water extraction in a batch reactor at elevated temperatures," Bioresour. Technol., 2011. [Online]. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.027.
S. H. Yoon and A. Van Heiningen, "Kraft pulping and papermaking properties of hot-water pre-extracted loblolly pine in an integrated forest products biorefinery," TAPPI J., vol. 7, pp. 22-27, 2008.
J. Reguant, J. M. Martínez, D. Montané, J. Salvadó, and X. Farriol, "Cellulose from softwood via prehydrolysis and soda/anthraquinone pulping," J. Wood. Chem. Technol., 1997. [Online]. DOI: 10.1080/02773819708003120.
E. Moreira, J. L. Colodette, J. L. Gomide, R. C. Oliveira, A. J. Regazzi, and V. M. Sacon, "Effect of Acid Leaching of Eucalyptus Wood on Kraft Pulping and Pulp Bleachability," Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 2008. [Online]. DOI: 10.1080/02773810802125073.
M. N. I. Setu, M. Y. Mia, N. J. Lubna, and A. A. Chowdhury, "Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Cotton and its Evaluation as Direct Compressible Excipient in the Formulation of Naproxen Tablets," Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci., 2014. [Online]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21899.
J. Alam, J. Kumar, and C. Sharma, "Preparation of regenerated cellulose from rice straw lignocellulosic waste and it use for reinforced paper products," Tappi, 2021. [Online]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ20.7.439.
J. Sjöberg and H. Höglund, "High consistency refining of kraft pulp for reinforcing paper based on TMP furnishes," in Int. Mech. Pulping Conf., Atlanta, GA, USA: TAPPI Press, 2007.
S. Malik, V. Rana, G. Joshi, P. K. Gupta, and A. Sharma, "Valorization of Wheat Straw for the Paper Industry: Pre-extraction of Reducing Sugars and Its Effect on Pulping and Papermaking Properties," ACS Omega, 2020. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04883.
S. K. Tripathi, I. Alam, and N. K. Bhardwaj, "Effect of bark content in mixed hardwood chips on pulp and paper properties," Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0017.
A. Brelid, "Chip Leaching before Cooking," presented at the 7th International Conference on New Available Technologies, Stockholm, 2002, pp. 17-21.
M. N. Nur Aimi, H. Anuar, S. M. Nurhafizah, and S. Zakaria, "Effects of Dilute Acid Pretreatment on Chemical and Physical Properties of Kenaf Biomass," Journal of Natural Fibers, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2014.919894.
R. B. Santos, J. L. Gomide, and P. W. Hart, "Kraft pulping of reduced metal content eucalyptus wood: Process impacts," Bio Res., 2015. DOI: 10.15376/biores.10.4.6538-6547.
X. J. Pan, Y. Sano, and T. Ito, "Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping of Rice Straw II: Behavior of Ash and Silica in Rice Straw during Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping and Bleaching," Holzforschung, 1999. DOI: 10.1515/HF.1999.009.
D. W. Haas, B. F. Hrutfiord, and K.V. Sarkanen, "Kinetic study on the alkaline degradation of cotton hydrocellulose," J. App. Pol. Sci., 1967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110408.
R. Wathen, "Studies on fibre strength and its effect on paper properties," KCL Communication 11, KCL, Espoo, Finland, pp. 1-98, 2006.
F. Lundqvist, L. Olm, and D. Tormund, "Effects of carbonate on delignification of birch wood in kraft cooking," Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 2006. DOI: 10.3183/NPPRJ-2006-21-03-p290-296.
T. S. Bolton, R. C. Francis, and T. E. Amidon, "Chemical and Physical Changes due to Acidolysis of Chips Ahead of Alkaline Pulping," presented at the International Symposium on Wood and Pulp Fiber Chemistry, Durban, South Africa, 2007, pp. 22-23.
M. B. Roncero, A. L. Torres, J. F. Colom, and T. Vidal, "The effect of xylanase on lignocellulosic components during the bleaching of wood pulps," Bioresources Technology, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.03.003.
A. Thygesen, J. Oddershede, and H. Lilholt, "On the determination of crystallinity and cellulose content in plant fibres," Cellulose, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-005-9001-8.
Y. Deng, Y. Lv, J. Cai, Y. Cheng, and Y. Chen, "Effects of alkaline pretreatment on cellulosic structural changes of Paulownia," Advanced Materials Research, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www. scientific.net/AMR.781-784.947.
E. Xu, D. Wang, and L. Lin, "Chemical Structure and Mechanical Properties of Wood Cell Walls Treated with Acid and Alkali Solution," Forest, 2020. DOI: 10.3390/f11010087.
R. Kumar, G. Mago, V. Balan, and E. Charles, "Physical and chemical characterizations of corn stover and poplar solids resulting from leading pre-treatment technologies," Bioresources Technology, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.075.
C. Li, B. Knierim, C. Manisseri, R. Arora, H. V. Scheller, M. Auer, K. P. Vogel, B. A. Simmons, and S. Singh, "Comparison of dilute acid and ionic pre-treatment of Switchgrass: Biomass recalcitrance, delignification and enzymatic saccharification," Bioresources Technology, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.066.
B. Hinterstoisser, M. Åkerholm, and L. Salmén, "Effect of fiber orientation in dynamic FTIR study on native cellulose," Elsevier Journal of Carbohydrate Research, 2001. DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00167-7.
Y. He, Y. Pang, Y. Liu, X. Li, and K. Wang, "Physicochemical characterization of rice straw pretreated with sodium hydroxide in the solid state for enhancing biogas production," Energy Fuels, 2008. DOI: 10.1021/ef8000967.
V. P. Kommula, O. R. Kanchireddy, M. Shukla, and T. Marwala, "Effect of Acid Treatment on the Chemical, Structural, Thermal and Tensile Properties of Napier Grass Fibre Strands," presented at CAMIME, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2014.
Y. Z. Lai, "In: International symposium on wood and pulping chemistry," The Ekman Days, Stockholm, Sweden, 1981, vol. 2, pp. 26-33.
D. Dasong and F. Mizi, "Characteristic and performance of elementary hemp fibre," Materials Sciences and Applications, 2010. DOI: 10.4236/msa.2010.16049.
P. Harmsen, S. Lips, and R. Bakker, "Pretreatment of lignocellulose for biotechnological production of lactic acid: Research review," Report 1384, Public version, Wagenigen UR Food and Bio based Research, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://edepot.wur.nl/293952.
N. Johar, I. Ahmad, and A. Dufresne, "Extraction, preparation and characterization of cellulose fibres and nanocrystals from rice husk," Industrial Crops and Products, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.016.
M. Jonoobi, A. Khazaeian, and P. M. Tahir, "Characteristics of cellulose nanofibers isolated from rubberwood and empty fruit bunches of oil palm using chemo-mechanical process," Cellulose, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s10570-011-9546-7.
T. Y. Ding, S. L. Hii, and L.G. A. Ong, "Comparison of pre-treatment strategies for conversion of coconut husk fiber to fermentable sugars," Bioresources, 2012. DOI: 10.15376/biores.7.2.1540-1547.
R. Zuluaga, J. Putaux, J. Cruz, J. Velez, I. Mondragon, and P. Ganan, "Cellulose microfibrils from banana rachis: Effect of alkaline treatments on structural and morphological features," Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.024.
S. Monga, B. P. Thapliyal, and S. Tyagi, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2175/193864717X14839931787264.
J. P. Casey, Pulp and paper-Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 2nd edn. Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, 1960, pp. 1027.
J. C. Sjoberg and H. Hoglund, "Refining system for sack paper pulp: Part I. HC refining under pressured conditions and subsequent LC refining," Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 2005. DOI: 10.3183/npprj-2005-20-03-p320-328.
J. C. Sjoberg and H. Hoglund, "Refining system for sack paper pulp: Part II. Plug screw and Bivis treatment under pressured conditions and subsequent LC refining," Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 61-71, 2007.
X. Zeng, A. Vishtal, E. Retulainen, E. Sivonen, and S. Fu, "The elongation potential of paper-How should fibre be deformed to make paper extensible," Bio Resources, 2013. DOI: 10.15376/biores.8.1.472-486.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 The Research Publication
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
