Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents in Raw Cow Milk Samples from Selected Local Government Areas in Kano State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51983/ajsat-2023.12.2.3971Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Milk, Contaminant, Food Safety, KanoAbstract
The study assessed the concentration of copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) in cow milk samples (raw) got from selected Local Government Areas, Kano State namely; (Gwale (Sample Location A), Dala (Sample Location B) and Ungogo (Sample location C) within Kano state, Nigeria. Heavy metal determination was done according to standard produres. Heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb) were assessed by the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The content of Copper (Cu) in the sample of cow milk from the three Local Government (Gwale, Dala and Ungogo) were 0.0584 mgl-1, 0.0714 mgl-1 and 0.2604 mgl-1 respectively. The concentration of Zinc (Zn) in the raw cow milk samples from the three Local Government (Gwale, Dala and Ungogo) were 0.1336 mgl-1, 0.1148 mgl-1 and 0.1595 mgl-1 respectively. The levels of Iron (Fe) from the samples of cow milk (raw) from the selected Local Government areas (Gwale, Dala and Ungogo) were 0.7319 mgl-1, 0.6438 mgl-1 and 0.8709 mgl-1 respectively. The levels of Lead (Pb) from the selected Local Government areas (Gwale, Dala and Ungogo were 0.0350 mgl-1, 0.0390 mgl-1 and 0.4100 mgl-1 respectively. The result shows that the Fe and Pb concentrations in raw cow milk samples collected from all the three Local Government areas (Gwale, Dala and Ungogo) were all above the WHO permissible limits. However, the concentrations of Zn and Cu in the cow milk samples (raw) obtained from the area remained within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit. Routine and further study is required to determine the heavy metals status in cow milk from other LGAs of the State to ascertain the safe levels of cow milk products to consumers in the area.
References
M. I. M. Abdallah, “Evaluation of some heavy metals residue in whole milk powder used at confectionary plant regarding the public health significance,” Animal Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, 2011.
I. C. Achugbu and S. C. Anugwo, “Drought Trend Analysis in Kano Using Standardized Precipitation Index,” FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 105-111, 2016.
A. P. Agbugui, C. L. Orjiekwe, and S. A. Solola, “Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Fresh Cow Milk obtained from Herder settlement around Okada, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria,” IOSR Journal of Chemistry (IOSR-JAC), vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 23-32, 2022.
M. Carl, “Heavy metals and other trace elements. Monograph on residues and contaminants in milk and milk products,” International Dairy Federation “IDF,” Belgium Special Issue 9101, pp. 112-119, 1991.
S. M. Farid, M. A. Enani, and S. A. Wajid, “Determination of trace elements in cow milk in Saudi Arabia,” JKAU: Eng. Sci., vol. 15, no. (0-2), pp. 131-140, 2004.
S. T. Garba, S. Abdullahi, and M. Abdullahi, “Heavy metal content of cow’s milk from Maiduguri metropolis and its Environs, Borno State, Nigeria,” American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 63-73, 2018.
N. Khan, R. Ullah, F. Wahid, Q. Sultana, and M. Rahim, “Spectrophotometric quantification of trace elements and toxic metals in raw milk samples of Peshawar city, Pakistan,” International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 53-59, 2021.
S. Kumar, U. J. Mehtal, and S. Hazral, “Accumulation of cadmium in growing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) seedlings-its effect on lipid peroxidation and on the antioxidative Enzymes catalase and guaiacol peroxidase,” J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., vol. 171, pp. 440-447, 2008.
A. O. Lawal, S. S. Muhammed, and D. Damisa, “Assessment of levels of Cu, Cd and Pb in secretion of mammary gland of cow grazed on open fields,” Science World Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 7-10, 2006.
M. R. Motsara and R.N. Roy, “Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient analysis,” FAO fertilizer and plant nutrition bulletin, Rome, Italy, vol. 19, pp. 1-103, 2008.
G. M. Murthy and U. S. Reha, “Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese and Zinc in evaporated milk infant products,” J. Dairy Sci, vol. 54, pp. 1001-1005, 1971.
V. Naithani, N. Pathak, and M. Chaudhary, “Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Two Major Ingredients of Ampucare,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drugs Research, vol. 2, pp. 137-141, 2010.
E. E. Ogabiela, U. U. Udiba, O. B. Adesina, C. Hammuel, F. A. Ade-Ajayi, G. G. Yebpella, U. J. Mmereole, and M. Abdullahi, “Assessment of Metal Levels in Fresh Milk from Cows Grazed around Challawa Industrial Estate of Kano, Nigeria,” J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 533-538, 2011.
I. A. Okada, A. M. Sakuma, F. D. Maio, S. Dovidauskas, and O. Zenebon, “Evaluation of lead and cadmium levels in milk due to environmental contamination in Paraíba valley region of southeastern Brazil,” Revista-de-Saude-Publica, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 140-143, 1997.
F. Salah and A. Abd-el, “Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals in some Dairy products and the effect of storage on its distribution,” Journal of American Science, vol. 8, no. 8, 2012.
E. Sommers, “The toxic potential of trace elements in foods. A review,” Environ. Res. Technology, vol. 39, pp. 215-227, 11-116, 1974.
S. Tunali, A. Cabuk, and A. Akar, “Removal of lead and copper ions from aqueous solutions by bacterial strain isolated from soil,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 115, pp. 205-211, 2006.
P. Zhuang, M. B. McBride, H. Xia, N. Li, and Z. Li, “Health risk from heavy metals via consumption of food crops in the vicinity of Dabaoshan mine, South China,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 407, no. 5, pp. 1551-1561, 2009.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 The Research Publication
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
