Open Distance Learning System: A Critical Reflection on the Issues, Challenges and Opportunities of Open and Dual Mode Universities in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.1.1445Keywords:
Distance Education, Open Universities, Dual Mode Universities, Open Distance Learning (ODL), Digital Technology, Online Learning, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)Abstract
The Open Universities and Dual Mode Universities in India are catering millions of Open Distance Learners (ODL) through its chain of Regional Centres and Learner Support Centres (Study Centres) across the country. In order to improve the Gross Enrollment Ration (GER), the regulatory bodies should act as facilitator rather than the administrator or inspector. Today, Open Distance Learning (ODL) offered by the Open Universities and Dual mode Universities in India is at cross roads because of multiple control and regulation by several regulatory bodies of the Central Government. A new approach is needed by the regulatory bodies as well as the Govt. of India to remove obstacles put forth by various Regulations restricting the very access of open and distance learning to reap the demographic dividends in the country. This paper critically analyzes the aspects that affect the ODL being offered through Open and Dual mode universities. The paper also critically highlights the challenges being faced by the ODL institutions as well as the opportunities available to them. The paper also touching the latest global trends related to distance and digital learning.
References
Boston Consulting Group. (n.d.). Most Innovative Companies 2019: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Platforms, and Ecosystems. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://www.bcg.com/enin/publications/collections/most-innovative-companies-2019-artificial-intelligence-platforms-ecosystems.aspx
Chick, J. (1992). The New England model in theory and practice. In Perspectives on distance education: Distance education in single and dual mode universities (pp. 33-48).
Commonwealth of Learning: Open and Distance Learning. (2015). Key Terms and Definitions. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from http://oasis.col.org/handle/11599/829
Evans, T., & Nation, D. (2013). Reforming open and distance education: Critical reflections from practice. Routledge.
Farnes, N. C., Ganor, M., Gil‟ad, R., Guri-Rosenblit, S., Ovsyannikov, V., Shelley, M. A., Zaparovanny, Y., Adjemov, A., Gal-Ezer, J., Libin-Levav, V., & Mordvintseva, L. (2000). Distance education for the Information Society: Policies, Pedagogy and Professional Development. UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education.
Garrison, D. R. (1985). Three Generations of Technological Innovations in Distance Education. Distance Education, 6(2), 235-241.
Gaskell, A. (2018). Open Education, Open Educational Practice and the concept of Openness: issues and challenges. Journal of Learning for Development-JL4D, 5(2).
Gaskell, A. (2019). New Technologies: What are the Opportunities and Challenges?. Journal of Learning for Development-JL4D, 6(1).
Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2014). The Indian Standard of Classification of Education. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/statistics/ InSCED2014_ 1.pdf
Government of India, Human Resource Development. (2017-18). The All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE). Retrieved June 5, 2019, from http://aishe.nic.in/aishe/viewDocument.action?documentId=245.
Government of India, National Knowledge Commission. (2009). Report to the Nation. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/nkc.pdf#toolbar=0
Jenkins, J. (1993). 25 Strategies for Collaborative Staff Training in Distance Education. In Distance Education: New Perspectives (p. 317).
Jevons, F. (1986). Dual Mode Institutions-The Way Forward. Open Campus, pp. 4-9.
Koul, B. N. (1992). Development and Delivery of Distance Education: the case of Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India. In Perspectives on Distance Education: Distance Education in Single and Dual Mode Universities (pp. 121-139)
Mercer. (2019). Global Talent Trends Study. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://www.mercer.com/our-thinking/career/global-talent-hr trends. html.
Mugridge, I. (1992). Distance education in single and dual mode universities: papers presented to a symposium on reforms in higher education. Commonwealth of Learning.
Prasad, V. (2019). Higher Education and Open Distance Learning Trajectory in India: Reflections of an Insider. Hyderabad: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University.
Parliament of India, Rajya Sabha. (2016). Department-Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Human Resource Development- 274th Report – Presented to the Rajya Sabha. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from http://www.academicsindia.com/274th%20report%20of%20PSC%20on%20MHRD.pdf .
Robinson, B. (2005). A Strategic Perspective on Staff Development for Open and Distance Learning. In Staff Development in Open and Flexible Education (pp. 58-69). Routledge.
UNESCO. (n.d.). Learning to live together sustainably (SDG4.7): Trends and Progress. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://en.unesco.org/themes/gced/sdg47progress.
United Nations Development Programme. (n.d.). Sustainable Development Goals- Goal-4; Quality Education. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-4-quality-education.html#targets.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Research Publication
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
