AI, Robotics, and Learning: Restructuring the English Language Pedagogy

Abstract

This paper looks into the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics in English Language Teaching (ELT). It focuses on the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) and robot-assisted language learning (RALL). There is still little empirical research on the impact of such technologies in the domain of English language teaching, irrespective of the rapid development of technology. This research synthesizes the impact of AI on language learning, AI tools, robotics in education, and the broader robotics literature. To accomplish this, the author conducted a systematic review of the literature from 2010 to 2024. The results suggest that Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE), as an AI tool, significantly improves the quality of students' writing. At the same time, the use of robotics in education is more favorable in learner engagement, particularly in the contexts of independent and self-directed learning. Nonetheless, some of the remaining challenges, such as technical, preparatory, ethical, and teacher educator, remain unexplored. The study focuses on empirical evidence and aims to integrate the utilization of robotics and AI in English Language Teaching (ELT); accordingly, the study encourages the adoption of a balanced human and machine teaching approach.