A Systematic Review of the Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change: Gender Perspectives and Adaptation Strategies

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the socio-economic impacts of climate change from a gender perspective, analyzing 99 papers sourced from the Scopus database using bibliometric methods. The research shows a significant increase in publications on gender and climate change, with the number of articles rising from one in 2011 to an expected 27 by 2025, highlighting the growing academic interest in this area. Citation trends reveal a peak in 2019, with 1,635 citations, indicating the rising influence of gender-focused climate studies. The analysis identifies that women, especially in agriculture and coastal regions, face increased vulnerabilities due to restricted access to resources, decision-making power, and financial support. In contrast, men's adaptation strategies often involve migration or market-based solutions, which can disrupt household resilience. The keyword co-occurrence analysis shows a strong focus on "climate change," "adaptation," and "agriculture," with "adaptation" frequently discussed but poorly integrated into broader socio-economic discourse. This fragmentation suggests that adaptation research is not fully addressing gender-responsive needs. The study also identifies a shift in research from documenting gendered vulnerabilities to understanding the structural mechanisms that create these disparities. The findings underscore the importance of gender-responsive policies, recommending a focus on enhancing women's access to land, financial resources, training, and participation in decision-making. The study concludes with a call for future research to address the needs of marginalized and gender-diverse populations, ensuring that climate adaptation strategies are inclusive and effective in fostering long-term resilience.